Teknik sipil adalah salah satu cabang ilmuteknik yang mempelajari tentang bagaimanamerancang, membangun, merenovasi tidak hanyagedung dan infrastruktur, tetapi juga mencakup lingkungan untuk kemaslahatan hidup manusia.
Teknik sipil mempunyai ruang lingkup yang luas, di dalamnya pengetahuan matematika, fisika, kimia,biologi, geologi, lingkungan hingga komputermempunyai peranannya masing-masing. Teknik sipil dikembangkan sejalan dengan tingkat kebutuhan manusia dan pergerakannya, hingga bisa dikatakan ilmu ini bisa merubah sebuah hutan menjadi kota besar.
Cabang-cabang Ilmu Teknik Sipil :
1. Struktural: Cabang yang mempelajari masalah struktural dari materi yang digunakan untuk pembangunan. Sebuah bentuk bangunan mungkin dibuat dari beberapa pilihan jenis material seperti baja, beton, kayu, kaca atau bahan lainnya. Setiap bahan tersebut mempunyai karakteristik masing-masing. Ilmu bidang struktural mempelajari sifat-sifat material itu sehingga pada akhirnya dapat dipilih material mana yang cocok untuk jenis bangunan tersebut. Dalam bidang ini dipelajari lebih mendalam hal yang berkaitan dengan perencanaan struktur bangunan, jalan, jembatan, terowongan dari pembangunan pondasihingga bangunan siap digunakan.
2. Geoteknik: Cabang yang mempelajari struktur dan sifat berbagai macam tanah dalam menopang suatu bangunan yang akan berdiri di atasnya. Cakupannya dapat berupa investigasi lapangan yang merupakan penyelidikan keadaan-keadaan tanah suatu daerah dan diperkuat dengan penyelidikan laboratorium.
3. Manajemen Konstruksi: Cabang yang mempelajari masalah dalam proyek konstruksi yang berkaitan dengan ekonomi, penjadwalan pekerjaan, pengembalian modal, biaya proyek, semua hal yang berkaitan dengan hukum dan perizinan bangunan hingga pengorganisasian pekerjaan di lapangan sehingga diharapkan bangunan tersebut selesai tepat waktu.
4. Hidrologi: Cabang yang mempelajari air, distribusi, pengendalian dan permasalahannya. Mencakup bidang ini antara lain cabang ilmu hidrologi air (berkenaan dengan cuaca, curah hujan, debit air sebuah sungai dsb), hidrolika (sifat material air, tekanan air, gaya dorong air dsb) dan bangunan air seperti pelabuhan, dam, irigasi,waduk/bendungan, kanal.
5. Teknik Lingkungan: Cabang yang mempelajari permasalahan-permasalahan dan isu lingkungan. Mencakup bidang ini antara lain penyediaan sarana dan prasarana air besih, pengelolaan limbah dan air kotor, pencemaran sungai, polusi suara dan udara hingga teknik penyehatan.
6. Transportasi: Cabang yang mempelajari mengenai sistem transportasi dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaannya. Mencakup bidang ini antara lain konstruksi dan pengaturan jalan raya, konstruksi bandar udara, terminal, stasiun dan manajemennya.
7. Informatika Teknik Sipil: Cabang baru yang mempelajari penerapan Komputer untuk perhitungan/pemodelan sebuah sistem dalam proyek Pembangunan atau Penelitian. Mencakup bidang ini antara lain dicontohkan berupa pemodelan Struktur Bangunan (Struktural dari Materi atau CAD), pemodelan pergerakan air tanah atau limbah, pemodelan lingkungan dengan Teknologi GIS (Geographic information system).
Keluasan cabang dari teknik sipil ini membuatnya sangat fleksibel di dalam dunia kerja. Profesi yang didapat dari seorang ahli bidang ini antara lain: perancangan/pelaksana pembangunan/pemeliharaan prasarana jalan, jembatan, terowongan, gedung, bandar udara, lalu lintas (darat, laut, udara), sistem jaringan kanal, drainase, irigasi, perumahan, gedung, minimalisasi kerugian gempa, perlindungan lingkungan, penyediaan air bersih, konsep finansial dari proyek, manajemen projek dsb. Semua aspek kehidupan tercangkup dalam muatan ilmu teknik sipil.
Perbedaan dari arsitek, terletak pada posisi ahli teknik sipil dalam sebuah proyek. Arsitekmenyumbangkan rancangan, ide, kemungkinan pelaksanaan pembangunan di atas kertas. Hasil rancangan tersebut diserahkan selanjutnya kepada staf ahli bidang teknik sipil untuk pelaksanaan pembangunan. Tahapan ini, ahli teknik sipil melakukan perbaikan/saran dari pelaksanaan perencanaan, koordinasi dalam proyek, mengamati jalannya proyek agar sesuai dengan perencanaan. Selain itu, ahli teknik sipil juga membangun konsep finansial dan manajemen proyek atas hal-hal yang mempengaruhi jalannya proyek.
Ahli teknik sipil tidak hanya berurusan dengan pembangunan sebuah proyek bangunan, tetapi di bidang lain seperti yang berkaitan dengan informatika, memungkinkan untuk memodelisasi sebuah bentuk dengan bantuan program CAD, pemodelan kerusakan akibat gempa, banjir. Hal ini sangat penting di negara maju sebagai tolak ukur kelayakan pembangunan sebuah bangunan vital yang mempunyai resiko dapat menelan korban banyak manusia seperti reaktor nuklir atau bendungan, jika terjadi kegagalan perencanaan teknis. Rancangan bangunan tersebut biasanya dimodelkan dalam komputer dengan diberikan faktor-faktor ancaman bangunan tersebut seperti gempa dan keruntuhan struktur material. Peran ahli teknik sipil juga masih berlaku walaupun fase pembangunan sebuah gedung telah selesai, seperti terletak pada pemeliharaan fasilitas gedung tersebut.
In English
Articles about Civil Engineering
Civil
engineering is a branch of engineering science that studies how to
design, build, renovate not only the buildings and infrastructure, but
also covers the environment for the benefit of human life.
Civil engineering has a wide scope, in which knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, the environment has a role to a computer each. Civil engineering developed in line with the level of human needs and movements, this knowledge can be said to be turning a forest into a big city.
Branches of Science in Civil Engineering:
1. Structural: The branch that studies the structural problems of the material used for construction. A form of the building may be made of some kind of material choices such as steel, concrete, wood, glass or other materials. Each of these materials has its own characteristics. Science fields studying the structural properties of the material can be chosen so that in the end the material which is suitable for the building type. In this field studied more in depth issues related to the structural design of buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels of development pondasihingga building ready for use.
2. Geotechnical: Branch are studying the structure and properties of different kinds of soil in sustaining a building that will stand on it. Coverage may include field investigations that are inquiry circumstances of an area of land and reinforced with laboratory investigations.
3. Construction Management: Branch is studying problems in construction projects related to the economy, job scheduling, return of capital, the cost of the project, all matters relating to the licensing laws and building up the organization of work in the field so that the building is expected to be completed on time.
4. Hydrology: the study branch water, distribution, and control problems. These areas include, among others, the branch of hydrology (with respect to weather, rainfall, water flow a river, etc.), hydraulics (the material properties of water, water pressure, water thrust etc.) and waterworks such as ports, dams, irrigation, dams / dams, canals.
5. Environmental Engineering: Branch who study issues and environmental issues. These areas include, among others, the provision of clean water infrastructure, waste management and sewage, river pollution, noise pollution and air until recovery techniques.
6. Transportation: The branch that studies the transportation system in the planning and implementation. These areas include, among others, the construction and arrangement highways, airport construction, terminals, stations and management.
7. Information Technology in Civil Engineering: The new branch that studies the application of the computer for calculation / modeling a system in development or research project. These areas include, among others, exemplified by modeling a building structure (of Structural Materials or CAD), modeling the movement of ground water or waste, environmental modeling with GIS technology (Geographic information system).
Breadth is a branch of civil engineering makes it very versatile in the world of work. Profession obtained from an expert on this field include: designing / implementing the construction / maintenance of roads, bridges, tunnels, buildings, airports, traffic (land, sea, air), system network of canals, drainage, irrigation, housing, building , earthquake loss minimization, environmental protection, water supply, financial concept of the project, project management and so on. All aspects covered are the life of the charge of civil engineering.
Differences of architects, located at the position of civil engineer in a project. Arsitekmenyumbangkan design, the idea, the possibility of the implementation of the development on paper. The results of the draft was submitted subsequent to the expert staff to the field of civil engineering construction work. This stage, civil engineers make improvements / suggestions from the implementation planning, project coordination, observing the course of the project to fit the plan. In addition, civil engineers also build financial concepts and project management on matters that affect the course of the project.
Civil engineers are not only dealing with the construction of a building project, but in other areas as related to informatics, allowing for memodelisasi a form with the help of CAD programs, modeling of earthquake damage, floods. It is very important in developed countries as a benchmark the feasibility of building a vital building that has cost the lives of many risks to humans such as nuclear reactors or dam, in case of failure of technical planning. The design of the building is usually modeled in the computer with the given factors such as the threat of an earthquake building and collapse of the structure of the material. The role of civil engineers are still valid although the construction phase of a building has been completed, as is the maintenance of the building facilities.
Civil engineering has a wide scope, in which knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, the environment has a role to a computer each. Civil engineering developed in line with the level of human needs and movements, this knowledge can be said to be turning a forest into a big city.
Branches of Science in Civil Engineering:
1. Structural: The branch that studies the structural problems of the material used for construction. A form of the building may be made of some kind of material choices such as steel, concrete, wood, glass or other materials. Each of these materials has its own characteristics. Science fields studying the structural properties of the material can be chosen so that in the end the material which is suitable for the building type. In this field studied more in depth issues related to the structural design of buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels of development pondasihingga building ready for use.
2. Geotechnical: Branch are studying the structure and properties of different kinds of soil in sustaining a building that will stand on it. Coverage may include field investigations that are inquiry circumstances of an area of land and reinforced with laboratory investigations.
3. Construction Management: Branch is studying problems in construction projects related to the economy, job scheduling, return of capital, the cost of the project, all matters relating to the licensing laws and building up the organization of work in the field so that the building is expected to be completed on time.
4. Hydrology: the study branch water, distribution, and control problems. These areas include, among others, the branch of hydrology (with respect to weather, rainfall, water flow a river, etc.), hydraulics (the material properties of water, water pressure, water thrust etc.) and waterworks such as ports, dams, irrigation, dams / dams, canals.
5. Environmental Engineering: Branch who study issues and environmental issues. These areas include, among others, the provision of clean water infrastructure, waste management and sewage, river pollution, noise pollution and air until recovery techniques.
6. Transportation: The branch that studies the transportation system in the planning and implementation. These areas include, among others, the construction and arrangement highways, airport construction, terminals, stations and management.
7. Information Technology in Civil Engineering: The new branch that studies the application of the computer for calculation / modeling a system in development or research project. These areas include, among others, exemplified by modeling a building structure (of Structural Materials or CAD), modeling the movement of ground water or waste, environmental modeling with GIS technology (Geographic information system).
Breadth is a branch of civil engineering makes it very versatile in the world of work. Profession obtained from an expert on this field include: designing / implementing the construction / maintenance of roads, bridges, tunnels, buildings, airports, traffic (land, sea, air), system network of canals, drainage, irrigation, housing, building , earthquake loss minimization, environmental protection, water supply, financial concept of the project, project management and so on. All aspects covered are the life of the charge of civil engineering.
Differences of architects, located at the position of civil engineer in a project. Arsitekmenyumbangkan design, the idea, the possibility of the implementation of the development on paper. The results of the draft was submitted subsequent to the expert staff to the field of civil engineering construction work. This stage, civil engineers make improvements / suggestions from the implementation planning, project coordination, observing the course of the project to fit the plan. In addition, civil engineers also build financial concepts and project management on matters that affect the course of the project.
Civil engineers are not only dealing with the construction of a building project, but in other areas as related to informatics, allowing for memodelisasi a form with the help of CAD programs, modeling of earthquake damage, floods. It is very important in developed countries as a benchmark the feasibility of building a vital building that has cost the lives of many risks to humans such as nuclear reactors or dam, in case of failure of technical planning. The design of the building is usually modeled in the computer with the given factors such as the threat of an earthquake building and collapse of the structure of the material. The role of civil engineers are still valid although the construction phase of a building has been completed, as is the maintenance of the building facilities.
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