1. Perang Dunia I
*Latar Belakang PD I
- Persaingan daerah pemasaran dan sumber bahan baku
- muncul persekutuan antarnegara Eropa:
- Tripple Entente[Perancis, Inggris, Russia]
- Tripple Alliance[Jerman, Italia, Turki]
- Terbunuhnya Pangeran Franz Ferdinand oleh seorang nasionalis Serbia
* Dalam PD I, Jerman mengalami kekalahan dan harus menandatangani perjanjian Versailes, 28 Juni 1919.
Akibat: dipersempitnya wilayah pihak Sentral [Jerman, Austria, Hongaria, Turki, Bulgaria]
*Tokoh-tokoh PD I
Tokoh yang menandatangani perjanjian Versailes:
- Woodrow Wilson [AS]-->mengajukan 14 pasal perdamaian [Wilson's Fourteen Points]
- Clemencau [Prc]
- Loyd George [UK]
* Akibat perang:
- Lahir negara-negara baru
- muncul faham diktatorisme, fasisme, komunisme.
- dibentuk LBB(sekarang PBB atau United Nation)
Perang Dunia I (disingkat PDI atau PD1;
juga dinamakan Perang Dunia Pertama, Perang Besar, Perang Negara-Negara,
dan Perang untuk Mengakhiri Semua Perang) adalah sebuah konflik dunia
yang berlangsung dari 1914 hingga 1918.Lebih dari 40 juta orang tewas,
termasuk sekitar 20 juta kematian militer dan sipil.
Perang ini
dimulai setelah Pangeran Franz Ferdinand dari Austria-Hongaria (sekarang
Austria) dibunuh anggota kelompok teroris Serbia, Gavrilo Princip di
Sarajevo. Tidak pernah terjadi sebelumnya konflik sebesar ini, baik dari
jumlah tentara yang dikerahkan dan dilibatkan, maupun jumlah korbannya.
Senjata kimia digunakan untuk pertama kalinya, pemboman massal warga
sipil dari udara dilakukan, dan banyak dari pembunuhan massal berskala
besar pertama abad ini berlangsung saat perang ini. Perang ini berakhir
dengan ditandatanginya peletakan senjata tanggal 11 November 1918. Empat
dinasti, Habsburg, Romanov, Ottoman dan Hohenzollern, yang mempunyai
akar kekuasaan hingga zaman Perang Salib, seluruhnya jatuh setelah
perang.
Perang Dunia I menjadi saat pecahnya orde dunia lama, menandai berakhirnya monarki absolutisme di Eropa. Ia juga menjadi pemicu Revolusi Rusia, yang akan menginspirasi revolusi lainnya di negara lainnya seperti Tiongkok dan Kuba, dan akan menjadi basis bagi Perang Dingin antara Uni Soviet dan Amerika Serikat. Kekalahan Jerman dalam perang ini dan kegagalan untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang masih menggantung yang telah menjadi sebab terjadinya Perang Dunia I akan menjadi dasar kebangkitan Nazi, dan dengan itu pecahnya Perang Dunia II pada 1939. Ia juga menjadi dasar bagi peperangan bentuk baru yang sangat bergantung kepada teknologi, dan akan melibatkan non-militer dalam perang seperti yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya.
Perang Dunia menjadi terkenal dengan peperangan parit perlindungannya, di mana sejumlah besar tentara dibatasi geraknya di parit-parit perlindungan dan hanya bisa bergerak sedikit karena pertahanan yang ketat. Ini terjadi khususnya terhadap Front Barat. Lebih dari 9 juta jiwa meninggal di medan perang, dan hampir sebanyak itu juga jumlah warga sipil yang meninggal akibat kekurangan makanan, kelaparan, pembunuhan massal, dan terlibat secara tak sengaja dalam suatu pertempuran.
Perang Dunia I menjadi saat pecahnya orde dunia lama, menandai berakhirnya monarki absolutisme di Eropa. Ia juga menjadi pemicu Revolusi Rusia, yang akan menginspirasi revolusi lainnya di negara lainnya seperti Tiongkok dan Kuba, dan akan menjadi basis bagi Perang Dingin antara Uni Soviet dan Amerika Serikat. Kekalahan Jerman dalam perang ini dan kegagalan untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah yang masih menggantung yang telah menjadi sebab terjadinya Perang Dunia I akan menjadi dasar kebangkitan Nazi, dan dengan itu pecahnya Perang Dunia II pada 1939. Ia juga menjadi dasar bagi peperangan bentuk baru yang sangat bergantung kepada teknologi, dan akan melibatkan non-militer dalam perang seperti yang belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya.
Perang Dunia menjadi terkenal dengan peperangan parit perlindungannya, di mana sejumlah besar tentara dibatasi geraknya di parit-parit perlindungan dan hanya bisa bergerak sedikit karena pertahanan yang ketat. Ini terjadi khususnya terhadap Front Barat. Lebih dari 9 juta jiwa meninggal di medan perang, dan hampir sebanyak itu juga jumlah warga sipil yang meninggal akibat kekurangan makanan, kelaparan, pembunuhan massal, dan terlibat secara tak sengaja dalam suatu pertempuran.
In English
* Background of World War I
- Competition regional marketing and sourcing of raw materials
- Emerging partnership between countries of Europe:
- Triple Entente [French, English, Russian]
- Triple Alliance [Germany, Italy, Turkey]
- The killing of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist
* In World War I, Germany suffered defeat and had to sign the Versailles treaty,
June 28, 1919.
Effect: dipersempitnya the central region [Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria]
* Figures WWI People who signed the Versailles treaty:
- Woodrow Wilson [U.S.] -> file a chapter 14 peace [Wilson's Fourteen Points]
- Clemenceau [Prc]
- Loyd George [UK] * As a result of the war: - Born new countries - Emerging schools of dictatorship, fascism, communism. - LBB formed (now the United Nations or the United Nations)
World War I (called the First World War, the Great War, the War of the States, and the War to End All Wars) was a world conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918.Lebih than 40 million people were killed, including about 20 million military and civilian deaths. The war began after the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary (now Austria) terrorist group killed members of Serbian, Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo. Never before was this conflict, both from the number of troops deployed and engaged, as well as the number of victims. Chemical weapons are used for the first time, mass bombing civilians from the air do, and many of the first large-scale mass murder of the century took place during the war. The war ended with the laying of a weapon ditandatanginya dated 11 November 1918. Four dynasty, the Habsburg, Romanov, Hohenzollern and Ottoman, which have root authority to the Crusades, all fell after the war.
World War I to the outbreak of the old world order, marked the end of monarchical absolutism in Europe. It also triggers the Russian Revolution, which would inspire other revolutions in other countries such as China and Cuba, and will be the base for the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. The defeat of Germany in this war and the failure to resolve the problems that are still hanging that has become the cause of World War I would be the basis of a Nazi resurgence, and with the outbreak of World War II in 1939. He also became the basis for a new form of warfare that relies heavily on technology, and will involve non-military in a war like that has never happened before.
World War trench warfare became famous for his protection, in which a large number of troops restricted movement in the trenches and can only move slightly due to tight defense. This happens especially on the Western Front. More than 9 million people die on the battlefield, and nearly as much as it does the number of civilians who died as a result of food shortages, starvation, mass murder, and inadvertently engaged in a battle.
* In World War I, Germany suffered defeat and had to sign the Versailles treaty,
June 28, 1919.
Effect: dipersempitnya the central region [Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria]
* Figures WWI People who signed the Versailles treaty:
- Woodrow Wilson [U.S.] -> file a chapter 14 peace [Wilson's Fourteen Points]
- Clemenceau [Prc]
- Loyd George [UK] * As a result of the war: - Born new countries - Emerging schools of dictatorship, fascism, communism. - LBB formed (now the United Nations or the United Nations)
World War I (called the First World War, the Great War, the War of the States, and the War to End All Wars) was a world conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918.Lebih than 40 million people were killed, including about 20 million military and civilian deaths. The war began after the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary (now Austria) terrorist group killed members of Serbian, Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo. Never before was this conflict, both from the number of troops deployed and engaged, as well as the number of victims. Chemical weapons are used for the first time, mass bombing civilians from the air do, and many of the first large-scale mass murder of the century took place during the war. The war ended with the laying of a weapon ditandatanginya dated 11 November 1918. Four dynasty, the Habsburg, Romanov, Hohenzollern and Ottoman, which have root authority to the Crusades, all fell after the war.
World War I to the outbreak of the old world order, marked the end of monarchical absolutism in Europe. It also triggers the Russian Revolution, which would inspire other revolutions in other countries such as China and Cuba, and will be the base for the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. The defeat of Germany in this war and the failure to resolve the problems that are still hanging that has become the cause of World War I would be the basis of a Nazi resurgence, and with the outbreak of World War II in 1939. He also became the basis for a new form of warfare that relies heavily on technology, and will involve non-military in a war like that has never happened before.
World War trench warfare became famous for his protection, in which a large number of troops restricted movement in the trenches and can only move slightly due to tight defense. This happens especially on the Western Front. More than 9 million people die on the battlefield, and nearly as much as it does the number of civilians who died as a result of food shortages, starvation, mass murder, and inadvertently engaged in a battle.
2. Perang Dunia II
*Latar Belakang perang dunia II:- Benito Mussolini di Italia mempelopori gerakan fasvio de combatimento,
- dengan cita-cita membentuk Italia Raya
- Adolf Hitler, Jerman. Membentuk NAZI
- Tenno Meiji, Jepang. Fasis Militer.
*Jalannya perang:
- 1937, Italia menduduki Abessynia dan Jerman menyerang Polandia, 1 Sept 1939.
- Desember 1941, Jepang membom Pearl Harbour.
- Prc, UK membantu Polandia menghadapi Jerman.
- AS terlibat menghadapi aliansi Jerman, Italia, Jepang, setelah Pearl Harbour di bom
*Akhir Perang:
- Sekutu mendaratkan pasukan di PAntai Normandia, 6 Juni 1944
- Jerman menyerah pada Sekutu, Mei 1955
- Tanggal 6 dan 9 Agustus 1945 Hiroshima dan Nagasaki di bom atom oleh AS.
- 14 Agustus 1945, Jepang menyerah tanpa syarat pada Sekutu
*Tanggal 17 Juli-2 Agustus 1945-->Konfrensi Postdam, utk mengakhiri perang:
Isi:
- Jerman dibagi jadi Jerman Barat dan Jerman Timur
- Jerman harus membayar pampasan perang
- Angkatan perang Jerman dikurangi
- Partai NAZI dihapus
- Penjahat perang akan dihukum
* 8 September 1951-->Perjanjian San Francisco
Isi:
1. Jepang diperintah oleh tentara pendudukan AS
2. Jepang membayar pampasan perang
3. Daerah yang dikuasai Jepang dikembalikan ke pemiliknya
4. Penjahat perang akan dihukum
Perang Dunia II, atau Perang Dunia Kedua (biasa disingkat PD II) adalah konflik militer global yang terjadi pada 1 September 1939 sampai 2 September 1945 yang melibatkan sebagian besar negara di dunia, termasuk semua kekuatan-kekuatan besar yang dibagi menjadi dua aliansi militer yang berlawanan: Sekutu dan Poros. Perang ini merupakan perang terbesar sepanjang sejarah dengan lebih dari 100 juta personel. Dalam keadaan “perang total,” pihak yang terlibat mengerahkan seluruh bidang ekonomi, industri, dan kemampuan ilmiah untuk melayani usaha perang, menghapus perbedaan antara sipil dan sumber-sumber militer. Lebih dari tujuh puluh juta orang, mayoritas warga sipil, tewas. Hal ini menjadikan Perang Dunia II sebagai konflik paling mematikan dalam sejarah manusia.
Umumnya dapat dikatakan bahwa peperangan dimulai saat Jerman menginvasi Polandia pada tanggal 1 September 1939, dan berakhir pada tanggal 14 Agustus 1945 pada saat Jepang menyerah kepada tentara Amerika Serikat. Secara resmi PD II berakhir ketika Jepang menandatangani dokumen Japanese Instrument of Surrender di atas kapal USS Missouri pada tanggal 2 September 1945, 6 tahun setelah perang dimulai.
Perang Dunia II berkecamuk di tiga benua tua; yaitu Afrika, Asia dan Eropa. Berikut adalah data pertempuran-pertempuran pada masa Perang Dunia II :
Jumlah korban meninggal dalam Perang Dunia II. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah korban kelima terbanyak, yang hampir semuanya adalah dari rakyat sipil.
In English
* Background of World War II: - Benito Mussolini in Italy spearheaded the movement fasvio de combatimento, - With the ideals formed Italian Kingdom - Adolf Hitler, Germany. Shaping Nazi - Meiji Tenno, Japan. Fascist Military.
* The course of the war: - 1937, Italy occupied Abessynia and Germany attacked Poland, 1 Sept 1939. - December 1941, the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbour. - Prc, UK aid Poland against Germany. - The U.S. is involved facing the alliance of Germany, Italy, Japan, after Pearl Harbour was bombed
* End of the War:
- Allied troops landed on the beaches of Normandy, June 6, 1944 - Germany surrendered to the Allies, May 1955 - On 6 and 9 August 1945 in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs by the United States. - August 14, 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies
* Date 17 July-2 August 1945 -> Potsdam Conference, to end the war:
Contents: - Germany divided into West Germany and East Germany - Germany had to pay war reparations - Force war Germany reduced - Nazi Party removed - The war criminals will be punished
* 8 September 1951 -> San Francisco Treaty
Contents:
1. Japan was ruled by U.S. forces
2. Japan to pay war reparations
3. Japanese-controlled areas returned to their owners
4. War criminals will be punished
World War II, or the Second World War (commonly abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict that occurred on 1 September 1939 to 2 September 1945 which involved most of the countries in the world, including all major powers are divided into two opposing military alliances : Allied and Axis. War was the greatest war in history with more than 100 million personnel. In a state of "total war," the parties involved to mobilize all the economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities to serve the war effort, erasing the differences between civilian and military resources. Over seventy million people, the majority civilians, were killed. It makes World War II as the deadliest conflict in human history.
Generally it can be said that the war started when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, and ended on August 14, 1945 when Japan surrendered to the United States. World War II officially ended when Japan signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender documents aboard the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945, 6 years after the war began.
World War II broke out in an old three continents, namely Africa, Asia and Europe. Here is the data battles during World War II:
The death toll in World War II. Indonesia is the country with the fifth highest number of casualties, nearly all of the civilians.
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